Vox
A clear guide to Vox in Spain: its history, national conservatism ideology, leadership, and where it stands on the economy, social issues, and foreign policy.
Overview
- Country
- Spain
- Founded
- 2013
- Position
- Far-right
- Leader
- Santiago Abascal
- Headquarters
- Madrid
Vox is a national-conservative, right-wing populist party led by Santiago Abascal, with Ignacio Garriga as secretary-general. It is the third-largest party in the Congress. Its main themes are Spanish national unity, opposition to Catalan and Basque separatism, sharp cuts to immigration and opposition to what it calls gender ideology.
History
Vox was founded in 2013 by former PP members who considered the party too moderate. It made its breakthrough in the 2018 Andalusian election and entered the national parliament in April 2019. In November 2019 it won 52 seats and became the third-largest party.
It fell back to 33 seats in 2023. It has governed in coalition with the PP in several regions but left those governments in 2024 over the distribution of migrant minors, and its opposition to PP budgets led to early regional elections in Extremadura and Aragon in 2025 and 2026.
Economic Policy
Vox favours lower taxes, a smaller state and cutting regional bureaucracy, while promising to protect farmers and Spanish industry. It opposes the EU's Green Deal.
Foreign Policy
Vox is Eurosceptic and a founding member of Patriots for Europe. It supports NATO and has been aligned with Viktor Orbán and other national-conservative leaders.
Where They Stand
- Defends Spanish national unity and opposes regional separatism
- Calls for mass deportation of irregular migrants
- Opposes the EU Green Deal
- Seeks to repeal gender violence and transgender laws
- Favours lower taxes and a smaller state
Electoral Record
Vox won 15.1 percent in November 2019, 12.4 percent and 33 seats in 2023, and 9.6 percent in the 2024 European election. Its support rose in national polls during 2025.
Position on the Political Compass
Vox sits on the right-leaning side on economics and is more authoritarian on questions of social freedom and authority.
These positions are approximate and meant as a guide. Take the test to see how your own views compare.
Key Figures
Santiago Abascal
Party president since 2014
A former PP member from the Basque Country who has led the party since its early years.
Ignacio Garriga
Secretary-General
The party's second-ranking leader and former candidate in Catalonia.
Sources and Further Reading
- Vox (Wikipedia)en.wikipedia.org
- Official party websitevoxespana.es
Where do you stand?
Take the CoreOpinion Spain political test to see how your views compare with Vox and the other parties.
Take the Spain Test
Social Policy
Vox is socially conservative. It opposes gender violence laws that it views as discriminatory against men, abortion on demand and transgender laws. In 2025 it called for the "remigration" of immigrants who do not integrate and for mass deportations of irregular migrants.